# Physical operations
canonical_url: https://www.3.14financialcontents.com/en/culture-314/lab/physical-operations/
markdown_url: https://www.3.14financialcontents.com/en/culture-314/lab/physical-operations/index.md
language: en
content_type: lab-physical
status: published
description: The branch of the Laboratory where the system perceives and acts through sensors, controllers and physical mechanisms: vision, state estimation, navigation, planning, manipulation and edge.

When an operation leaves the screen.

## Constraints and areas of work

- **Incomplete perception** — The sensor delivers a noisy measurement, not a state. The system estimates, and it has to know what to do when the estimate is not good enough.
- **Time, geometry and wear** — A movement takes up space, takes time and alters the very mechanism that executes it. The same command does not always produce the same effect.
- **Actions that are hard to reverse** — Undoing a record is cheap; undoing a movement rarely is. Safety is designed before performance.
- **Vision and sensing** — Detection, segmentation, calibration and signal fusion. In exploration, over controlled scenes.
- **State estimation** — Filters and models that hold a hypothesis about the environment between two measurements. In experiment.
- **Navigation and planning** — Possible routes under geometric, temporal and safety constraints. In exploration.
- **Manipulation and coordination of machines** — Grasping, manipulation sequences and sharing work out between several machines. In exploration.
- **Edge computing** — Which decisions stay local when the link may drop, and what is synchronised afterwards. In experiment.

A physical operation ends when the environment allows its effect to be observed.

A digital operation modifies a record through an API. A physical operation moves a machine, transports an object or changes an environment.

Physical Intelligence extends operational intelligence into the physical world from the Laboratory. Here we publish which state each area is in and what we have learned.

It is the youngest part of our work, and the one that has the most limits to declare.

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